Research includes a four-week oral lozenge study in 75 healthy adults and a 2025 animal safety and laboratory paper. These study types answer different questions.
Human lozenge study
Seventy-five healthy adults took postbiotic, heat-killed probiotic or placebo lozenges. The two active preparations differed and must be reported separately.
Read study design, findings and limitations →Animal and laboratory study
The 2025 paper assessed PE0301 in animal toxicology, analytical tests and laboratory assays. It did not assess health outcomes in humans.
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